Software engineer's life

And that is how the life of a software engineer goes on !!!

Matrix multiplication in C++

You have often learnt the method of matrix multiplication in Mathematics.

Matrix multiplication

Now,we will perform the same operations in C++ using the concept of 2-d arrays.So,below is the source code of the program.

Source code

#include<iostream>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

void addition();

void subtraction();

void multiplication();

int mat1 [3][3], mat2[3][3],mat3[3][3], i ,j, k, sum,ab,ch;

int main()

{

int choice;

{

x:

cout<<"\t"<<"\t"<<"MAIN MENU"<<"\t"<<"\t"<<endl<<endl<<endl;

cout<<"Press 1 for 3*3 matrix multiplication."<<endl<<endl;

cout<<"Press 2 to exit from the program."<<endl<<endl;

cout<<"Enter your choice:";

cin>>choice;

switch(choice)

{

case 1:

multiplication();

break;

case 2:

return 0;

default:

cout<<"Invalid choice !!"<<endl<<endl;

}

goto x;

}

}

void multiplication()

{     

           cout<<"\nEnter values for first 3 x 3 matrix:\n";

           for ( i = 0 ; i <= 2 ; i++ )

                {

                   for (j = 0 ; j <= 2 ; j++ )

                        cin>>mat1 [i][j];

                }

                        cout<<"\n Enter values for second 3 x 3 matrix:\n";

                   for ( i = 0 ; i <= 2 ; i++ )

                        {

                            for ( j = 0 ; j <= 2 ; j++ )

                                   cin>>mat2[i][j];

                        }

                       cout<<"\n The first 3 x 3 matrix entered by you is:\n";

                            for ( i = 0 ; i <= 2 ; i++ )

                                 {

                                       for ( j = 0 ; j <= 2 ; j++ )

                                              cout<< mat1[i][j]<<"\t";

                                              cout<<endl<<endl;

                                 }

                                              cout<<"\n the second 3 x 3 matrix entered :\n";

                                       for ( i = 0 ; i <= 2 ; i++ )

                                            {

                                                for ( j = 0 ; j <= 2 ; j++ )

                                                       cout<< mat2[i][j]<<"\t" ;

                                                       cout<<endl<<endl;

                                            }

                                       for ( i = 0 ; i <= 2 ; i++ )

                                            {

                                                for ( j = 0 ; j <= 2 ; j++ )

                                                      {

                                                          sum = 0;

                                                            for ( k = 0 ; k <=2 ; k++ )

                                                                   sum = sum + mat1 [i][k] * mat2[k][j];

                                                                   mat3[i][j] = sum ; 

                                                       }

                                             }

                                                                   cout<<"\nThe product of the above two matrices is:\n";

                                                                   for ( i = 0 ;i<= 2 ; i++ )

                                                                        {

                                                                             for ( j = 0 ; j <= 2 ; j++ )

                                                                                      cout<<mat3[i][j]<<"\t";

                                                                                      cout<<endl<<endl;

                                                                         }

                                                                     }

Output

                                                                    

Matrix addition and subtraction in C++

You are well aware of the matrix addition and subtraction in Mathematics.

Matrix addition

Matrix subtraction

Now,we will perform the same operations in C++ using the concept of 2-d arrays.So,below is the source code of the program.

Source code

#include<iostream>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

void addition();

void subtraction();

int mat1[2][2], mat2[2][2],mat3[2][2], i ,j, k, sum,ab,ch;

int main()

{

int choice;

{

x:

cout<<"\t"<<"\t"<<"MAIN MENU"<<"\t"<<"\t"<<endl<<endl<<endl;

cout<<"Press 1 for 2*2 matrix addition."<<endl<<endl;

cout<<"Press 2 for 2*2 matrix subtraction."<<endl<<endl;

cout<<"Press 3 to exit from the program."<<endl<<endl;

cout<<"Enter your choice:";

cin>>choice;

switch(choice)

{

case 1:

addition();

break;

case 2:

subtraction();

break;

case 3:

return 0;

default:

cout<<"Invalid choice !!"<<endl<<endl;

}

goto x;

}

}

void addition()

{

 cout<<"\nEnter values for first 2 x 2 matrix:\n";

           for ( i = 0 ; i <= 1 ; i++ )

                {

                   for (j = 0 ; j <= 1 ; j++ )

                        cin>>mat1 [i][j];

                }

                        cout<<"\n Enter values for second 2 x 2 matrix:\n";

                   for ( i = 0 ; i <= 1 ; i++ )

                        {

                            for ( j=0 ; j<=1 ; j++ )

                                   cin>>mat2[i][j];

                        }

                       cout<<"\n The first 2 x 2 matrix entered by you is:\n";

                            for ( i=0 ; i<=1 ; i++ )

                                 {

                                       for ( j=0 ; j<=1 ; j++ )

                                              cout<< mat1[i][j]<<"\t";

                                              cout<<endl<<endl;

                                 }

                                              cout<<"\n the second 2 x 2 matrix entered :\n";

                                       for ( i = 0 ; i <= 1 ; i++ )

                                            {

                                                for ( j = 0 ; j <= 1 ; j++ )

                                                       cout<< mat2[i][j]<<"\t";

                                                       cout<<endl<<endl;

                                            }

                                            for(i=0;i<=1;i++)

                                            {

                                            for(j=0;j<=1;j++)

                                            {

                                                                   mat3[i][j] = mat1[i][j] + mat2[i][j];

}

}

cout<<"The addition of matrices:"<<endl<<endl;

for(i=0;i<=1;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<=1;j++)

cout<<mat3[i][j]<<"\t";

cout<<endl<<endl;

}

}

void subtraction()

{

cout<<"\nEnter values for first 2 x 2 matrix:\n";

           for ( i = 0 ; i <= 1 ; i++ )

                {

                   for (j = 0 ; j <= 1 ; j++ )

                        cin>>mat1 [i][j];

                }

                        cout<<"\n Enter values for second 3 x 3 matrix:\n";

                   for ( i = 0 ; i <= 1 ; i++ )

                        {

                            for ( j = 0 ; j <= 1 ; j++ )

                                   cin>>mat2[i][j];

                        }

                       cout<<"\n The first 2 x 2 matrix entered by you is:\n"<<endl;

                            for ( i = 0 ; i <= 1 ; i++ )

                                 {

                                       for ( j = 0 ; j <= 1 ; j++ )

                                              cout<< mat1[i][j]<<"\t";

                                              cout<<endl<<endl;

                                 }

                                              cout<<"\n the second 2 x 2 matrix entered :\n"<<endl;

                                       for ( i = 0 ; i <= 1 ; i++ )

                                            {

                                                for ( j = 0 ; j <= 1 ; j++ )

                                                       cout<< mat2[i][j]<<"\t";

                                                       cout<<endl<<endl;

                                            }

                                            for(i=0;i<=1;i++)

                                            {

                                            for(j=0;j<=1;j++)

                                            mat3[i][j]=mat1[i][j]-mat2[i][j];

}

cout<<"The subtraction of matrices:"<<endl<<endl;

for(i=0;i<=1;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<=1;j++)

cout<<mat3[i][j]<<"\t";

cout<<endl<<endl;

}

}

Output

Initialization of 2-d arrays in C++

Initializing 2-dimensional array

The 2-D arrays which are declared by the keyword int and able to store integer values are called two dimensional integer arrays. The process of assigning values during declaration is called initialization. TheseArrays can be initialized by putting the curly braces around each row separating by a comma also each element of a matrix should be separated by a comma.

Example: 

int mat[3][3]={ {2,3},{4,5},{6,7} }

Initializing 2-d character array

The 2-D arrays which are declared by the keyword char and able to store characters are called two dimensional character arrays. 2-D character array can be initialized by putting the curly braces around each row as well as apostrophe around every alphabet.

Example:

char character[3][3]={'b', 'a' ,'t' ,'f', 'a' ,'t' ,'m' ,'a' ,'t'};

reference

The reference of this article is taken from

Click here

In my next blog inshAllah,I will post an important example of 2-d arrays that will be very helpful in understanding this concept.So,stay tuned.

Progress in software industry

Lets have a look at the progress in software industry and see how software terminology has changed in the past few years.

Programming terminology

C++ The Complete Reference

Introduction

C++ The Complete Reference

Master programmer and best-selling author Herb Schildt has updated and expanded his classic reference to C++. Using expertly crafted explanations, insider tips, and hundreds of examples, Schildt explains and demonstrates every aspect of C++. Inside you'll find details on the entire C++ language, including its keywords, operators, preprocessor directives, and libraries. There is even a synopsis of the extended keywords used for .NET programming. Of course, everything is presented in the clear, crisp, uncompromising style that has made Herb Schildt the choice of millions. Whether you're a beginning programmer or a seasoned pro, the answers to all your C++ questions can be found in this lasting resource.

Detailed coverage includes:

• Data types and operators
• Control statements
• Functions
• Classes and objects
• Constructors and destructors
• Function and operator overloading
• Inheritance
• Virtual functions
• Namespaces
• Templates
• Exception handling
• The I/O library
• The Standard Template Library (STL)
• Containers, algorithms, and iterators
• Principles of object-oriented programming (OOP)
• Runtime type ID (RTTI)
• The preprocessor
• Much, much more

Author:

              Herbert Schildt

Date of publishing:

                                 November 19, 2002

Publisher:

                   McGraw-Hill Education

Language:

                   English

Genre:

              Programming

ISBN:

             

•                   ISBN-10: 0072226803
•                   ISBN-13: 978-0072226805

Rating:

             4.3/5.0 stars

Votes:

                  37

Reviewer:

                  A.Eassa

Review date:

                        April 18,2008

Reviewer rating:

                                         5/5 stars

Download link:

                                     Click here

Two-dimensional arrays in C++

Definition

In C++ Two Dimensional array in C++ is an array that consists of more than one rows and more than one column. In 2-D array each element is refer by two indexes. Elements stored in these Arrays in the form of matrices. The first index shows a row of the matrix and the second index shows the column of the matrix.

Syntax

data type name of array[no. of rows][no. of columns] 

For example,

int item[4][5];

Accessing each location

In order to store values in a C++ two dimensional arrays the programmer have to specified the number of row and the number of column of a matrix. To access each individual location of a matrix to store the values the user have to provide exact number of row and number of column.

Example:

int matrix[2][2];

matrix[0][0]=20;

matrix[0][1]=25;

matrix[1][0]=30;

matrix[1][1]=35;

Entering data

Nested loop is used to enter data in 2-D arrays. It depends upon the programmer which loop he wants to use it could be While loop or it could be a For loop. The outer loop acts as the number of rows of a matrix and the inner loop acts as the number of columns of a matrix.

Example:

#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> main() { int matrix [5] [5]; for (int m1=0 ; m1<5 ; m1++) { for (int m2=0 ; m2<5 ; m2++) { Matrix [m1] [m2] = 5 ; } } getch(); }                  Reference

The reference of this article has been taken from

http://www.hellgeeks.com/two-dimensional-arrays/

Debugging in programming

If you are a programmer,then you should love debugging !!!

Boorland for Windows

Introduction

The Borland C++ 5.5 Compiler is the high performance foundation and core technology of Inprise/Borland's award-winning Borland C++Builder product line and is the basis for Inprise/Borland's recently announced C++Builder(TM) 5 development system for Windows 95, 98, NT, and Windows 2000.

"Over the past 11 years, millions of developers have relied on the speed and quality of the Borland C/C++ compiler technology. Beginning this month, every developer will have free access to the latest Borland C/C++ compiler for building high quality Windows, Internet, and distributed applications," said Michael Swindell, director of product management at Inprise/Borland. "With Open Source development exploding on all platforms, developers can now rely on a leading commercial ANSI C++ compiler to be available for any Windows based Open Source project. In addition, with our forthcoming Linux C++ tools, development with Borland C++ tools today is an investment in Linux development for tomorrow."

"Since many programmers learned how to develop using Borland tools, it's great to see Inprise/Borland offer its widely-used compiler free of charge," said Sally Cusack, an analyst and research manager at International Data Corporation. "Developers who download this compiler will subsequently have a seamless path to the rich tools and capabilities of Borland C++Builder 5 for RAD, Internet, User Interface, database, and distributed solutions."

Price:

             

                  0.0 $

Official URL:

                                   http://edn.embarcadero.com/article/20633

Download URL:

                                          http://forms.embarcadero.com/BCC32CompilerDownloadcid=701G0000000tKTx

Rating:

             

                      4/5 stars

Reviewer:

                  Craven Weasel

Reviewer date:

            

                                        04/12/2011

                  

Swapping two numbers

"Swapping two number" is one of the most popular and easiest program of C++. If you want to make a good logic in C++,then you should practice this code.

Today I am here with the source code of this program.Hope you will like my effort.

Source code

s

Output

Logic

Below is the logic of this program.

I have taken 3 variables for this program,"a,b and tem(or temporary).

According to logic,

Suppose the value of a is 10 and the value of b is 20.

According to the given condition,

tem=a;

tem=10;

a=b

10=b or b=10;

b=tem

20=tem

b=10.

So,after swapping,the value of "a" becomes 20 and the value of "b" becomes 10. 

The ANCI C programming language

INTRODUCTION

The ANCI C programming language

The authors present the complete guide to ANSI standard C language programming. Written by the developers of C, this new version helps readers keep up with the finalized ANSI standard for C while showing how to take advantage of C's rich set of operators, economy of expression, improved control flow, and data structures. The 2/E has been completely rewritten with additional examples and problem sets to clarify the implementation of difficult language constructs. For years, C programmers have let K&R guide them to building well-structured and efficient programs. Now this same help is available to those working with ANSI compilers. Includes detailed coverage of the C language plus the official C language reference manual for at-a-glance help with syntax notation, declarations, ANSI changes, scope rules, and the list goes on and on.

 Authors:

                            Brian W.Kernighan and Dennis.M.Ritchie.

Date of publishing:

                                                        April 1,1988.

Publisher:

                              Prentice Hall.

Language:

                             English

genre:            

                       programming.

ISBN:
               ISBN-10: 0131103628

•                ISBN-13: 978-0131103627

Rating:

                     4.5/5.0 stars

Votes: 

                       514 

Reviewer:

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Review date:

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Reviewer rating:

                                            5.0/5.0 stars.

Download link:

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Definition of a programmer

How would you define a programmer?

Definition of a programmer

Arrays in C++

 Concept of arrays

One of the most important concepts in C++ is arrays.Today I will explain the concept of  arrays with daily life examples.For this article,I am taking help from the Android application "C++ little drops".

Suppose we want to calculate the average of the marks for a class of 20 students ,we certainly do not want to create 30 variables: std1,st2,std3,.......std.20.Instead,we can use a single variable,called an array with 30 elements.

Definition of arrays

An array is a list of elements of the same type(e.g., int), identified by a pair of square brackets [ ]. 

Declaration of arrays

To use an array, we need to declare the array with 3 things: a name, a type and a dimension( or size, or length).Remember that an array always starts with index 0.It means that the first value in an array is stored in index 0.The syntax is as follows:

Syntax

type arrayName[array length];

It is recommended to use a plural name for array.e.g., marks,numbers, books,etc.

int  books[10];

We can also initialize the array during declaration with a comma-separated list of values,as follows:

int numbers{2,4,5,6,3,9,12,14};

Example

A simple program will help you understand this concept more clearly.

Source code

#include<iostream>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

main()

{

int numbers[5]={1,2,3,4,5};  //an array "numbers"

cout<<"The first number: "<<numbers[0]<<endl;  // number stored in index 0;

cout<<"The second number: "<<numbers[1]<<endl;

cout<<"The third number: "<<numbers[2]<<endl;

cout<<"The fourth number: "<<numbers[3]<<endl;

cout<<"The fifth number:"<<numbers[4]<<endl;

}

Output

The class of C++

Do you agree that C++ is better than C?

Class of C++

Why int can't swim?

This is the reason why this data type can't swim !!!